The fault phenomena include dim images, blurred images, incomplete images, obvious deformation and defects of the mirror body caused by external forces, etc. The fault analysis and handling measures are as follows:

（1）圖像暗淡。先檢查冷光源和光纖是否正常，如果冷光源 燈泡累計使用時間已經(jīng)到達 500 h，光纖有明顯斷裂或有明顯暗點，都應及時更換。以上兩部件沒問題時，大多為內(nèi)窺鏡導光束 接頭受到污染發(fā)黑、發(fā)黃，方法是清洗內(nèi)窺鏡傳像系統(tǒng)。

(1) The image is dim. Firstly, check whether the cold light source and optical fiber are normal. If the cumulative use time of the cold light source bulb has reached 500 hours and there are obvious fractures or dark spots in the optical fiber, it should be replaced in a timely manner. When the above two components are fine, most of them are due to the contamination and yellowing of the endoscope guide beam connector. The solution is to clean the endoscope image transmission system.

（2）圖像模糊。大多數(shù)情況下是因為長時間的使用，寶石保 護玻璃磨損老化引起，有時也因為物鏡的密封性破壞造成，定期做好維護保養(yǎng)可以有效預防故障發(fā)生。

(2) Image blurring. In most cases, it is caused by long-term use, wear and aging of gemstone protective glass, and sometimes damage to the sealing of the objective lens. Regular maintenance can effectively prevent faults from occurring.

（3）圖像不全。此故障多數(shù)是因內(nèi)窺鏡內(nèi)部柱狀透鏡斷裂或 崩邊等引起，而人為的摔碰、撞擊等是造成這種損害的主要原因，所在硬管內(nèi)窺鏡的使用、運輸、等過程中，需要輕拿輕放 并做好保護措施。

(3) The image is incomplete. This fault is mostly caused by the breakage or edge collapse of the cylindrical lens inside the endoscope, and the main cause of this damage is human collision and impact. During the use, transportation, disinfection, and other processes of the hard tube endoscope, it is necessary to handle it gently and take protective measures.

（4）因外力因素造成鏡體明顯變形、缺損。此種故障相對嚴重，一般會并發(fā)上述 3 種故障，甚造成無圖像輸出。主要原因為： 操作人員使用鈥激光、高頻電刀、動力系統(tǒng)等設(shè)備時不慎打傷物 鏡，造成前端缺損；操作鏡子與鞘管連接時未對準位置，然后在調(diào) 整視野或插拔時用力過猛，造成變形；時不慎撞擊、摔碰 亦可造成。因此，加強操作人員規(guī)范化培訓可以減少故障發(fā)生。

(4) Due to external forces, the mirror body undergoes significant deformation and defect. This type of fault is relatively serious, usually accompanied by the above three types of faults, and even resulting in no image output. The main reason is that the operator accidentally injured the objective lens when using equipment such as holmium laser, high-frequency electric knife, and power system, resulting in front-end defects; When operating the mirror and connecting the sheath tube, the position is not aligned, and then excessive force is applied when adjusting the field of view or plugging, resulting in deformation; Accidental impact or fall during disinfection and sterilization can also cause damage. Therefore, strengthening standardized training for operators can reduce the occurrence of faults.